Evolution of the Universe and
Life on Earth
Astronomical Big Bang 13.8 billion years
1. 4,500 – 4,400 million
years ago (Mya). Accretion of Earth
2. 4,200 million years
ago (Mya) Atmosphere and oceans form
3. 4,000 million years
ago (Mya) Prebiotic chemistry became possible
4. 3,800 million years
ago RNA world shown by the first chemical fossil available (viruses)
5. 3,600 million years
ago the first DNA protein life came into existence
6. 3,500 million years
ago LUCA: Archaea / Bacteria spilt and also photosynthesis (autotrophy) began
7. 2,700 – 1,900 million
years ago the first eukaryotes / sexual reproduction became possible
8. 1,000 Mya ?
9. 650 Mya Metazoans
10.
575 Oldest large organisms
11.
555 Mya Oldest sponge fossils
12.
542 – 488 Mya Cambrian Radiation
13.
525 Mya Earliest vertebrates
14.
440 Mya First vascular land plants
15.
425 Mya First jawed vertebrates
16.
420 Mya Earliest terrestrial animals
17.
396 Mya First insects
18.
365 Mya Plants evolves seeds and first tetrapods
19.
354 Mya Insects flight
20.
350 Mya First land-swelling vertebrates
21.
240 Mya First dinosaurs
22.
210 Mya First mammals
23.
200 Mya Pangea breakup begins
24.
150 Mya Archaeopteryx / birds flight
25.
140 Mya Flowering plants
26.
128 – 124 Dinosaurs flight
27.
125 Mya Mammalian gliding flight
28.
105 – 95 Mya Gondwanaland breakup
29.
90- 80 Mya Formation of Galapagos geological hot spot
30.
57 – 53 Mya Whale ancestor
31.
55 Mya Australia breaks away from Antarctica
32.
51 Mya Mammalian powered flights (bats)
33.
50 Mya First fossil Equidae
34.
45.6 Whale ancestor
35.
40 Mya Primate order diverges
36.
35 Mya First grasses evolve
37.
30 Mya Old-world / new-world monkey spilt
38.
25 Mya Old-world monkey / apes split. Also Drosophila
melanogaster / D. obscura split
39.
15 Mya Apes migrate to Asia
40.
6 -7 Mya Sahelanthropus
41.
5 - 4 Mya Common ancestors of chimps and humans. Formation of
current Galapagos Islands
42.
3.6 Mya Panama Isthmus rise / Lucy fossil / Australopithecus
afarensis footprints
43.
2.5 Tool use
44.
1.8 Mya Homo habilis out of Africa
45.
1.6 Mya Homo erectus in Asia
46.
600,000 years ago Human / Neanderthal spilt
47.
500,000 years ago Homo erectus use fire
48.
355,000 Homo heidelbergensis footprints
49.
200,000 years ago Anatomically modern human
50.
250,000 – 160,000 Homo sapiens
51.
120,000 Homo language possible
52.
100,000 years ago Wolf / dog split
53.
79,000 – 15,000 years ago Start of Wisconsin glaciations
54.
50,000 years ago. Humans migrate from Asia to Australia
55.
45,000 years ago. Megafauna extinction in Australia
56.
30,000 years ago. Human migration from Asia to North America
57.
14,000 – 10,000 years ago. Domestication of dog and Megafauna
extinction in North America
58.
12,000 years ago. Early agriculture
59.
8,000 years ago Domestication of cattle
60.
6,000 years ago Domestication of horse
61.
3,000 years ago Iron tools
Major
extinctions of life took place during:
62.
445 Mya in the Late Ordovician
63.
375 Mya Late Devonian
64.
251 Mya End Permian
65.
200 Mya Late Triassic
66.
65 Mya Cretaceous-Tertiary
Reference:
Evolution by:
Nicholas H. Barton
Derek E.G. Briggs
Jonathan A. Eisen
David B. Goldstein
Nipam H. Patel
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