Wednesday, March 17, 2021

My Personal Journey as a Patient on Treating, Curing, Managing and Healing

 My Personal Journey as a Patient on 

Treating, Curing, Managing and Healing


“When religion was strong and medicine weak, men mistook magic for medicine.

 

Now, when science is strong and religion weak, men mistake medicine for magic”

 

(Thomas Szasz, The Second Sin).

 

I have a recurrent chronic venous stasis leg ulcer since ten years ago, and was hospitalized for many months each time, but that wound, sometimes on my right, sometimes on my left leg never healed permanently.

 

 

The last hospitalization I had  was from December 23 2020 till January 25, 2021 a total of 33 days at the height of the Coviod-19 pandemic where I slept among Covid-19  infected patients, left and right, and in front as they came and went for days and nights for over a month.

 

I was supposed to be placed into a single-room first class ward as my eligibility, but all the first class wards have to be closed due to the Covid-19 pandemic, as I supposed all the Covid-19 cases have to be isolated in a first class ward

 

 

So I was placed in a common classless ward for other cases where no Covid-19 cases initially

 

 

But as more and more Covid-19 cases came in, and the designated hospital meant for them was full, they spilled into the first class isolated wards. But the cases were accumulating beyond control, till they spilled from first class into my classless ward where I have to sleep among them day-in, day-out for days and days.

 

This  was repeated as more new Covid-19 cases came in.

 

I was supposed to be given radiofrequency ablation surgery or the endovenous glue ablation method for my venous stasis leg ulcer, but because of Covid-19 cases, they have to refer all surgeries for emergency cases 

 

Hence, all  they could do for me was to give me IV antibiotics (Unasyn - (ampicillin sodium/sulbactam sodium) for my cellulites, followed by oral doses, all sorts of analgesics including morphine, codeine, paracetamol,  oxycodone and other opioid analgesics, none of which has any effect on my pain. 

 

I slept with my legs dangling beside my bed to get pain relief where no analgesic could do the same. The other thing I got was daily dressings for my wound

 

 

During the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, most of the specialists in my ward did not want to go to the ward anymore for their morning ward rounds.

 

 

They all leave the job to the medical officers and housemen to report to them.

 

 

If they do, as with all the other doctors, nurses, medical assistants, including all the patients, they all wore face masks day in and day out, many with face shields, gloves and all.

 

 

I was the only exception who refused to wear any mask while sleeping among Covid-19 patients with other conditions for 33 days. They tested me for Covid-19 five times during the period, but I was found to be completely free from Covid-19 infection without wearing any mask.

 

 

A lot of the medical staff in my ward wearing face masks, aprons, face shields and gloves came down with Covid-19. I was the only one who wore a face mask less than 4 hours throughout my entire 33 day stay among Covid-19 patients who came and went without getting infected.

 

 

The reason why I refused to wear a face mask when repeatedly advised, please see here for the reason:

 

 

https://scientificlogic.blogspot.com/search?q=face+masks+does+not+protect

 

and also here:

 

https://taionn.blogspot.com/2021/03/facts-and-figures-about-sars-cov-2-and.html

 

 

 

I was discharged exactly with the same condition as I went in. My ulcer never got healed.

 

 

The previous hospitalization over a year ago was on the other leg where I was admitted for over 5 months.  I was told by the specialist who treated me the length of my stay in the hospital was a record any patient.

 

 

Finally the wound slowly, slowly the ulcer healed by itself, not with the continuously antibiotics given to me for 5 months to manage the accompanying cellulites, and the daily wound dressing, but I also treated myself with regular leg exercises together with a good state of mind     

 

 


Writing Case Management vs. Health Education:

 

 

As a doctor, I observed what the junior doctors did the entire day in the ward while the specialists come only in the morning for their ward rounds.  

 

 

This was what I observed. The housemen or house officers as we now call  them now hardly do any clinical work. They spend 99 % of their entire day clerking and writing notes, and asking the patient the same questions over and over again as each new house officer comes in.

 

The only clinical work they do is to insert a cannula into your arm often unsuccessfully for IV infusion of drugs prescribed by the specialists or take blood from the vein for lab investigations as required by the specialists.

 

 

They neither set up IV drips, monitor the flow rates, dress up your wounds, take your blood pressure, temperature, oxygen saturation levels in the blood with an oximeter, give the injections, or oral medication, monitor your fluid intake and urine output..etc.

 

 

All these clinical work were done by the nurses who spent most of their time for this, while the junior doctors spent 99 % of their time all day long asking almost the same questions day in day out and clerking them so that they can brief the specialists who come in the morning for their ward rounds what they “investigated”

 

 

While they were busy writing notes, the patients just lie down helplessly hardly attended by them

 

 

Yet, among the medical doctors they call each other as clinicians when it was the nurses who do most of the clinical work like monitoring the patients vital signs and functions, taking blood pressures, setting up IV infusion, giving injections and medication, monitoring fluid intake and urine output, bed baths, wound dressing, etc.

 

Physicians hardly do clinical work except clinical examinations. Even blood tests and radiology are not done by them.

 

However, surgeons and anesthesiologists do a lot of clinical work in an operation theater which of course a patient does not know when he is unconscious    

 

 

Time Wasted:

 

 

The time the medical officers and housemen spent clerking notes would have been far  well-spent by going to their patients advising, counseling and educating them about their conditions and how best they can help and manage themselves instead of them lying down helplessly all day and night wondering what the doctors were doing but writing notes?

 

 

Phone Advice from my colleagues and friends:

 

 

Many of my former colleagues are specialists doctors and medical researchers and also friends who phoned me when I was hospitalized.

 

They gave me very lengthy advice over on the phone for over an hour when I told them my experience in that hospital.

 

They also told me at length about their bad experiences working with doctors as a professor and consultant in a university hospital. They strongly advised me to discharge myself after I told them the “treatment” I was given.  Many other friends through WhatsApp chats also asked me to discharge myself or asked to be refereed to another hospital.   

 

 

I thought to myself those were the reasons why my leg ulcer never got healed if I were to just lie down on the bed, while the doctors were so busy writing notes into numerous files, with each doctor writing different notes, into different files as they changed duties.

 

 

No wonder after lying down in a hospital bed for 33 days, I left the hospital with a leg ulcer exactly the same as before as when I entered.

 

 

All those time they wasted writing medical history, case management would have being well-spent if the doctors were with the patients, explaining them why they have the disease, and what they can do to help themselves to restore their own health instead of relying on medicines and drugs of all kinds in increasing numbers, because the roots causes were never explained to them, and how they can help themselves to manage their condition instead of depending on medications, drips and injections.

 

These patients would be completely healed in no time and need no more follow up with any more medication on their discharge if they were educated about their condition.

 

 

That bad experience I had prompted me to write this article the differences between healing, curing, managing, treating and helping a person who is ill, especially in lifestyles chronic illnesses   

 

 

If we made a search in Google it defines the difference between “cure” and “healing” as in this example:

 

 

 “A cure signified the banishment of physical illness, but a healing could mean not just a physical cure, but a repairing and strengthening of the mind and spirit to improve the quality of life even when no physical cure was possible.”

-      Susan Howitch, Absolute Truths

 

 

A Book I Bought:

 

 

After my discharge, and my disappointment with conventional treatment, it prompted me to buy a good book on the practice of wholesome medicine and health care.

 

I finally found one less than a week ago. It is called “Integrative Medicine” complied by Dr. David Rakel MD who is Professor and Chair of the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

 

In this fourth edition of the book, there are 118 chapters. They were written and contributed by 148 medical experts who are all specialists in their various disciplines of medicine.

 

It has 1123 pages and tens of thousands of references from research papers published with a forward written by Dr. Andrew Weil, MD, who is the Director Centre for Integrative Medicine and Clinical Professor of Medicine, also Professor of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona

 

They wrote about the different therapeutic modalities available other than giving drugs and surgery.

 

All the authors and contributors in that book are very well qualified doctors, medical researchers as well as clinicians who are qualified both in conventional as well as in alternative systems of medicine

 

Most of the contributors there are not just an MD but also hold the doctorate degree of PhD. They write with very good scientific, mental, social, moral and spiritual sense  

 

 

Let me quote what both David Rakel MD and Andrew Weil MD in their opening first chapter on page 7 of the Fourth Edition on Integrative Medicine has to say:

 

 

“Health” comes from the Old English word Hal, which means wholeness, soundness, or spiritual wellness.

 

Health is defined by the World Health Organization as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

 

Cure, on the other hand, refers to doing something (e.g., giving drugs or performing surgery) that alleviate a troublesome condition or disease.

Healing does not equal curing. 

 

We can cure a condition such as hypertension with a pharmaceutical product without healing the patient.

 

Healing would facilitate changes that reduce stress, improve diet, and promotes exercise and the increase the person’s sense of community.

 

In doing this we help improve the balance of health of the body that may result in the ability to discontinue a pharmaceutical agent and thereby reduce the need for a cure.

 

 

The authors then on to compare two trees A and B showing how tree A is in a better state of health than tree B because of tree A ability to be in balance with the environment.

 

 

They mentioned if a branch breaks on tree A, we can feel comfortable that if we mend the branch, it will likely to heal well, or even heal itself.

If a branch breaks on tree B and we mend it, the branch is not going to heal itself because the tree was not in a state of health

 

 

The point here they emphasized is that our focus in medicine has been on fixing the branch while neglecting the health of the tree. If we give more attention to helping tree B find health either by removing barriers that are blocking its own ability to heal or by removing areas of deficiency, the branch will heal itself – we will not need to spend as much time and money fixing the parts.

 

 

Integrative medicine is about changing the focus in medicine to one of health and healing rather than the disease.

 

This involves understanding the influences of the mind, spirit, and community, as well as the body.

 

It entails developing insights into the patient’s culture, beliefs, and lifestyle that will help the clinician understand how best to trigger the necessary changes in behavior that will result in improved health and thus bring more value to health care delivery.

 

Cure and fix when able, but if we ignore healing, the cure will likely not last or will give way to another disease that may not have a cure. (unquote).

 

However my personal feeling is, we may not be even “cure” any disease by any person outside our own body if the body itself refuses to cooperate.

 

 

Body’s Own Healing Mechanisms:

 

 

 The body is endowed with a gift to heal itself when it is sick or injured because it is a living body. A dead body will not be able to heal by itself

 

For instance, let us give a simple example.  

 

If we have a cut on any part of the body, it will never be able to “cure” or even heal itself no matter what cream, paste,  antibiotics, lotions, or even natural substance like honey together with all types of bandages we care to apply on it if body itself does not wish to cooperate to heal itself

 

The healing process of a cut on the finger or any part of the body goes through very highly complex physiological and muti-cellular mechanisms.

First, it involves clotting of the blood to prevent further bleeding. This necessitates platelets and the release of coagulation factors, prostaglandins, enzymes, and proteins to stop the bleeding as part of the clotting mechanism 

 

 

Once bleeding stops other mechanisms becomes operative such as the involvement of growth and cytokines factors, polypeptides, cellular signaling to promote growth and differentiation and cellular remodeling.

 

It then involves fibroblasts, cascades of biochemical changes leading to matrix formation, granulation and final epithelialization of wound.

 

 

This is just an example of a simple cut on the finger. But there are tens of hundreds of diseases and disorders  the body suffers such as diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndromes, infections, and even minute cellular cancers in life that the body’s have either corrective and defensive mechanisms or immunological system that triggers into action without us knowing it.

 

Yet a change in our lifestyle and dietary modification works wonders for our body to help heal itself. Their existence will silently disappear as they first appear without us knowing it.

 

Of course there are disorders like congenital, hereditary and genetic anomalies, nutritional or other deficiencies diseases, or blindness the body cannot correct or heal itself.  

 

 

However the body is living, and because it is living most of the time it can automatically rectify itself if given the right nourishment, stimulant, needling, massage, mind-body control, and stress management, among many others.

 

 

Our living body with a soul, spirit and mind within, and its ability to heal itself shows how complex it is, that absolutely no one from outside our own body can do this highly complex job except our own.

 

I praise thee because I am fearfully and wonderfully made; thy works are wonderful, I know that full well” (Psalm 139:14).

 

 

“I will restore faith unto thee, and I will heal thee of thy wounds.”
(Jeremiah 30:17).

 

 

 

The Measurements of Health:

 

 

If this is so, then how do we measure the status of health as defined by WHO?

 

When we were in medical research, often we go out to the community to measure their health status. Our team including myself consisted of physicians, nutritionists, biostatisticians, anthropologists, sociologists, psychologists, public health and other medical experts in various fields together with nurses, support lab scientists and technicians will try take as many types of measurements as possible and combine our data to make an assessment.

 

 Even that may not be complete. What about their economic, social and spiritual well-being even if we cover as much as possible from their demography  

 

Then comes the most difficult part of the question pertaining to the definition assessment of optimal health!  How do we measure or know an individual is in optimal healthy? This was also question we were asked when we were just students in London University.  

 

Can we answer it as someone with the longest, stress-free and disease-free longevity? Frankly, I do not know the answer. I leave this to someone who has the answer on optimal health.

 

 

 

Jesus Heals, not Cure, Treat or Manage a Disease:

 

 

Nowhere in the Bible did it mention Jesus was a doctor who treats and manage a disease using medicines and drugs like we do. Jesus clearly was a Healer, not a doctor or a physician as we know it. The only physician among 70 disciples and 12 apostles appointed by Jesus was Luke who may have been a Gentile. But we have no clue how Luke treats the sick

 

 

The Bible always uses the word “heal” performed by Jesus. It never use the word “treat” or “manage” a disease given by Jesus.

 

 

He heals the blind, deaf and the mute, the paralyzed, those possessed by demons, maybe of unsound mind, healing of a man with dropsy, a woman with a bleeding disorder, the mother of Peter's wife lying in bed with a high fever, the healing of the man with a withered hand, and the lepers, a boy possessed by a demon, all those who merely touch the edge of his cloak were all healed of their various illnesses, What was even more awesome He even raised the dead.

 

Nowhere in the Bible does it say Jesus treats or manage the sick, blind, the mute or paralyzed. Neither does the Bible says Jesus uses medicines, drugs and the knife to “manage” the sick   Clearly Jesus was a Healer extraordinary.

 

 

He was not a doctor or a clinician.  Jesus was far, far more than doctor or a clinician.  He did not use drugs, medicine of all kinds, radiotherapy, surgery and vaccines for treatment or prevention of diseases like we do.

 

His words and other miracles alone were as awesome as His healing powers.

 

 

Healer or Doctor:

 

 

So what is the difference between a healer and a doctor? If we have someone who is able to heal our physical body, the mind, our social well-being and our spirit completely, and a doctor with those “fantastic” qualifications like MD, FRCP, PhD who only treats the physical part of the body that is diseased, but ignores our entire well-being as officially defined by the World Health Organization in its Constitution, whom then would we chose or prefer?  

 

 

Integrated Medicine:

 

 

In the 1960’s till mid-1990’s I was working as a nutritionist and medical researcher at the Institute for Medical Researcher. Among the multitask jobs I was involved in were sitting in numerous expert technical committees, one of which was sitting in a Joint World Health Organization – Ministry of Health and Institute for Medical Research (WHO-MOH-IMR) Technical Committee on Traditional and Complementary Medicine in the country, and how we can incorporate them into the mainstream health-care system

 

I sat in that committee for about 5 – 6 years till my retirement, after which many others committees and sub-committees took over.

 

In that committee we discussed how best to implement traditional and complementary medicines into the conventional allopathic system at the recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO).  

 

It was very problematic. We needed to look into the administrative, logistics, training and qualifications of the practitioners, the efficacy and safety and the legal aspects, their acceptance culturally, socially, economically, and even the elements of religion, taboos, ethnicities,  among many needed to be looked into. It was a very tough job and decision to make. It took us countless meetings over the years.

 

 

Finally long after my retirement, some 20 years later traditional, complementary and integrative medicine was official recognized as a registered practice by an Act of Parliament.

 

 

Initially only 3 government hospitals were involved as a pilot project offering Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).

 

The years that followed due its very high demand, acceptance, safety and efficacy especially for chronic conditions, today there are 15 Ministry of Health hospitals in the country offering TCM and 2 other Traditional Indian Medicine. A few private hospitals, especially for TCM have also joined in. 

 

 

The Body is Not a Machine:

 

 

The living body is not some kind of a machine with moving parts that needs to be oiled with drugs when some parts are not working well. A patient is a person with a physical body, mind and soul. He is living not dead or some kind of a biochemical machine that requires some “oiling”, or to block out a chemical pathology.

 

 

As a physician, clinician or a doctor or even a medical researcher, whatever we wish to call ourselves, we will merely be controlling the symptoms and signs of the disease using drugs and pharmaceuticals to inhibit pathology.

 

 

That’s not even a cure.  The patient will be asked to come back for the same in the next appointment, maybe 3 months later. We are not healing him either.  We are just treat a case, not a person.

 

 

We would only be looking at the biological, chemical and physical aspect of his problem, not heal a person physically, emotionally, mentally, socially, let alone spiritually  

 

 

Treatment and Management:

 

 

In the practice of medicine we often use the terms “treating and managing” or “treatment and management” of a disease. What is the difference?

 

 

Clinicians normally would prefer to use the term management than treatment, while patients normally would prefer to call it treatment.

   

Both terms are normally interchangeable and are often confused both by the clinician and the patient.

 

But to my mind, there is a difference. In my understanding, the management of a disease is more holistic than merely treating a person physically with drugs, medicines and surgery.

 

 

Personally I feel it is far more important to provide a patient with wholesome health care, than just physically “curing” a disorder. I feel it more important to provide a patient the much needed mental and emotional help, or even spiritual care given collectively then merely prescribe some medicine, and ask him to come back for follow-up for the same condition.

 

It would be back to square one for him with unending medication merely to suppress or control a disease. He never gets “cured” let alone healed completely and wholesomely.   

 

We would be denying a patient of a wholesome healing and complete health and well-being as defined by the World Health Organization

 

But above all, whatever systems of health care or medical practice we accept or practice, we all have one first and most important cardinal principal to be followed and that is in Latin:

 

“primum non nocere”  to mean “first do no harm” as part of the Hippocratic Oath all doctors and healers need to swear by

 

Lim ju boo

 

 

Tuesday, March 2, 2021

Why Does the SARS-CoV2 Virus Attack Only the Human Race?

 

Why does the SARS-CoV2 virus attacks only the human race, but does not want to touch any of the estimated 9 – 10 million other species of life on Earth?

Is Planet Earth meant only for us? Have we got our priorities right?   

For the answer to this question, please refer to the link here:

SARS-CoV2 Pandemic: An Indented Biological Purpose

https://taionn.blogspot.com/

                           

Monday, February 22, 2021

How Safe is mRNA Vaccines?

 

How safe is mRNA vaccine?

 

lim ju boo

Post-doctoral CE Evolution (Cambridge)

·          

·         Viruses go through evolution by natural selection similar to all life forms. However viruses are able to mutate much faster and hence capable of evolving into much more strains and variants at unprecedented speeds compared to more complex organisms such as bacteria.  

·         There is likelihood that other viruses may also infect a cell simultaneously. When that happens they may switch genetic material to construct new type of viruses with distinctive behavior.

·         Mixed new strains and variants of SARS-CoV2 virus may arise through multiple mutations, and introduced into the body via compounded infections

·         In mixed infections they give  rise to different clinical presentations and complications

·         It is well-known that RNA viruses have very rapid mutation rates that allow it for fast evolution into numerous strains and variants. This may cause resistance to drug or vaccines due to changes in their genomic profiles and behavior.  

Through exchanges in their gene pool from mixed virus population it can rapidly evolve over time through natural selection into highly infectivity

One reason why virus such as SARS-CoV2 is able to mutate into various variants very rapidly is because of the simplicity and shorter RNA chains of about 30 kilobits.

By random mutations of changing their RNA sequence or codes new strains and new behavior of the subsequent variants arises

 

Origin of Viruses:

                        

There are many theories forwarded on the origin of viruses, probably including the corona group of viruses such as one given here;

https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-origins-of-viruses-14398218/#:~:text=Viruses%20may%20have%20arisen%20from,the%20evolution%20of%2C%20cellular%20life.

We shall look at this theory in another way later

However the origin of the corona virus that causes the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are two highly transmissible and pathogenic viruses.

It is believed to have surfaced in humans at the beginning of the 21st century, and they are highly transmissible and pathogenic viruses

Many theories and conspiracies have emerged on the origin of the SARS-CoV2 group, among them  were thought to be from bats, pangolins, civet cats and even politically suspected to be artificially created by the Chinese in Wuhan, China

But then the genetically diversity or even similarity of the corona viruses related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV discovered in bats worldwide did not suggest this group of viruses were artificially created, or  have recently evolved.

Our current understanding on the origin and evolution of these two pathogenic corona viruses is that it may be a spillover from bat-borne coronaviruses, or from swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) to pigs.

But going back to the theory on the origin of all viruses, it may have been the result of untold numbers of mutations from the first chemistry of RNA which may have taken place 3,800 million years ago by random combination of nitrogen compounds and nucleotide floating in the warm primordial oceans after Earth was created.

See list of Evolution of Life on Earth here:

https://scientificlogic.blogspot.com/             

Please also refer to Ir. Lau TO blog on the myriads of ways the Covid-19 virus could change their genetic combinations  here:

https://taionn.blogspot.com/ 

It is claimed that this novel vaccine is made from Messenger RNA (mRNA). What does that mean?

mRNA from  SARS-CoV2 is a molecular fragment of the virus  that carries the codes for  protein synthesis.  For instance, the message from mRNA is for the formation of their  spike proteins

mRNA was first described in 1956 by Elliot Volkin and Lazarus Astrachan. In addition to mRNA, there are two other major types of RNA: ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) that may be present in other cells, but we shall not go into them.  

According to Biontech this is how mRNA is made and how the vaccine works.

First, briefly explained, mRNA is synthesized by using the nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA as a template. This procedure requires nucleotide triphosphates as substrates and is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase II. The process of making mRNA from DNA or RNA is called transcription,

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines are then made from this new process that is believed to be able to stimulate the body’s own immune response. These vaccines carry orders from the messenger RNA, including the genetic copies or code of a specific virus trait (virus antigen). The information allows the body to produce the antigen on its own.

The mRNA reassigns the information for the production of the antigen to the cell machinery that expresses the proteins. Cells in our body then present the antigen on their surface, and thus it activates the preferred specific immune response.

 

When the body comes in contact with the virus, the immune system recognizes the specific antigen. It then wrestles the virus in a targeted manner.

The entry of the COVID-19, into the host cell in humans involves the coronavirus spike protein that is located on the surface of the virus.

 

mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 are intended to provide our bodies with the code to produce the non-infectious virus according to the manufactures claim

 

The spike proteins instruct the cell’s machinery help stimulate a natural immune response. This response is also achieved principally through T-cells

 

Once a person is vaccinated and later comes into contact with SARS-CoV-2, the immune system will recognize the surface structure and will be able to combat the virus and destroy it.

 

Neutralizing antibodies targeted at SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the body will immediately bind to the virus by “neutralizing” it and inhibiting it from entering the cell

 

The T cells simultaneously also assist the immune system to fight intracellular infections and can also destroy the infected cells directly.
 
Thus, according to the manufacturer’s claim, unlike conventional vaccines, a mRNA vaccine does not contain any viral proteins itself, but only the information from the synthetic mRNA that our own cells need to produce a virus trait that triggers the desired immune response.

But the question we also need to ask is, if the vaccine merely mimics the surface structure that is synthetically-produced, and hence it is also bio-similar to the real virus

In such a scenario, wouldn’t this molecular fragment over time becomes biologically active into the real virus?

This would be very similar to how viruses first evolved other than the theories give above.

The supposedly nitrogen compounds or base plus sugars - pentose sugar (5-carbon sugar) and the phosphate group, that may have been floating in the warm primordial oceans between 3,800 to 4,000 million years ago may have formed the first nucleic acids, and subsequently integrated into nucleotides chains that then evolves into  real viruses. These compounds were pre-life as precursors to the real virus to be evolved later

It may seem to take a long, time under the natural environment where no other host were present 4 billion years ago.  But to my understanding, this may not be the case where a human host is already available right now for it to immediately hijack and evolve into a real virus exceedingly rapidly especially with a lot of human genomic materials to help it, exactly like bacteria being found to be very capable of incorporating stray DNA from the environment into their own for them to evolve into better and hardier strains. This is the real risk we need to consider.   

This is the same analogy with drugs that exerts the same pharmacological effect on the body, whether they were the original patented drugs or their generic bio-similars since their molecular structure, configuration and mass of both patented and generic are exactly the same. Both exert the same effect on the body.

In short, it to my mind, it makes no difference if the mRNA vaccine was synthetic or extracted from the real Covid-19 virus because their molecular similarity

I think this is the real risk no one so far is able to answer or for sure.

Logically, I have my personal reservations with this hardly-studied technology   

 

 

 

 

4 Billion Years of Life Creation

 

Evolution of the Universe and Life on Earth

 

 

Astronomical Big Bang 13.8 billion years


1.   4,500 – 4,400 million years ago (Mya). Accretion of Earth

2.   4,200 million years ago (Mya) Atmosphere and oceans form

3.   4,000 million years ago (Mya) Prebiotic chemistry became possible

4.   3,800 million years ago RNA world shown by the first chemical fossil available (viruses)

5.   3,600 million years ago the first DNA protein life came into existence

6.   3,500 million years ago LUCA: Archaea / Bacteria spilt and also photosynthesis (autotrophy) began

7.   2,700 – 1,900 million years ago the first eukaryotes / sexual reproduction became possible

8.   1,000 Mya ?

9.   650 Mya Metazoans

10.                575 Oldest large organisms

11.                555 Mya Oldest sponge fossils

12.                542 – 488 Mya Cambrian Radiation

13.                525 Mya Earliest vertebrates

14.                440 Mya First vascular land plants

15.                425 Mya First jawed vertebrates

16.                420 Mya Earliest terrestrial animals

17.                396 Mya First insects

18.                365 Mya Plants evolves seeds and first tetrapods

19.                354 Mya Insects flight

20.                350 Mya First land-swelling vertebrates

21.                240 Mya First dinosaurs

22.                210 Mya First mammals

23.                200 Mya Pangea breakup begins

24.                150 Mya Archaeopteryx / birds flight

25.                140 Mya Flowering plants

26.                128 – 124 Dinosaurs flight

27.                125 Mya Mammalian gliding flight

28.                105 – 95 Mya Gondwanaland breakup

29.                90- 80 Mya Formation of Galapagos geological hot spot

30.                57 – 53 Mya Whale ancestor

31.                55 Mya Australia breaks away from Antarctica

32.                51 Mya Mammalian powered flights (bats)

33.                50 Mya First fossil Equidae

34.                45.6 Whale ancestor

35.                40 Mya Primate order diverges

36.                35 Mya First grasses evolve

37.                30 Mya Old-world / new-world monkey spilt

38.                25 Mya Old-world monkey / apes split. Also Drosophila melanogaster / D. obscura split

39.                15 Mya Apes migrate to Asia

40.                6 -7 Mya Sahelanthropus

41.                5 - 4 Mya Common ancestors of chimps and humans. Formation of current Galapagos Islands

42.                3.6 Mya Panama Isthmus rise / Lucy fossil / Australopithecus afarensis footprints

43.                2.5 Tool use

44.                1.8 Mya Homo habilis out of Africa

45.                1.6 Mya Homo erectus in Asia

46.                600,000 years ago Human / Neanderthal spilt

47.                500,000 years ago Homo erectus use fire

48.                355,000 Homo heidelbergensis footprints

49.                200,000 years ago Anatomically modern human

50.                250,000 – 160,000 Homo sapiens

51.                120,000 Homo language possible

52.                100,000 years ago Wolf / dog split

53.                79,000 – 15,000 years ago Start of Wisconsin glaciations

54.                50,000 years ago. Humans migrate from Asia to Australia

55.                45,000 years ago. Megafauna extinction in Australia

56.                30,000 years ago. Human migration from Asia to North America

57.                14,000 – 10,000 years ago. Domestication of dog and Megafauna extinction in North America

58.                12,000 years ago. Early agriculture

59.                8,000 years ago Domestication of cattle

60.                6,000 years ago Domestication of horse

61.                3,000 years ago Iron tools

 

Major extinctions of life took place during:

62.                445 Mya in the Late Ordovician

63.                375 Mya Late Devonian

64.                251 Mya End Permian

65.                200 Mya Late Triassic

66.                65 Mya Cretaceous-Tertiary

Reference:

 

Evolution by:

 

Nicholas H. Barton

Derek E.G. Briggs

Jonathan A. Eisen

David B. Goldstein

Nipam H. Patel

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