On Monday, November 7, 2022 I wrote an explanation on:
The
Irreversible Chemistry of Death (Part 1)
https://scientificlogic.blogspot.com/search?q=irreversible+chemistries+of+death
Ever since I
have been wondering why do all these chemical changes take place on
death? I asked myself, why shouldn’t these changes take place when
there is life in the body if these are just pure chemistry or biochemistry with
the reactants reacting with each other continuously as long as there is fuel
(food) in the body whether or not in life or in death? Why must
these changes occur only when life leaves the body?
Today, I shall
explain more than what I wrote slightly more than two years ago after having
read forensic science and forensic medicine at the University of Cambridge for
my postdoctoral in 2020.
Let me go over
these changes once again tracing it from after death backwards to life in the
beginning to see if we can get the answer to the age-old question that has
troubled the best ancient minds to the most learned intellectual scientific
brains of the 21st Century currently. Instead of starting from
the beginning on the origin of life, let me do it backwards this time starting
from death instead and trace its path to the beginning of life, shall we?
Follow me in this journey of learning and see how it goes – whether or not we
can answer this mystery what exactly is life, and how do we define it?
The process of
death and the subsequent changes in the human body are complex and fascinating,
involving a series of physical, chemical, and biological transformations. I'll
describe these changes chronologically from the moment of death, progressing
over a period of up to a month.
Moment of
Death (Immediate Changes)
Cessation of
Circulation and Respiration: The heart stops beating, and blood
circulation ceases, leading to a lack of oxygen (anoxia) in the tissues.
Loss of
Consciousness and Reflexes: Brain activity halts within seconds to minutes
due to the absence of oxygen, leading to unconsciousness and cessation of all
reflex actions.
0–15 Minutes
After Death
Pallor
Mortis: The body begins to pale as blood stops circulating. This is most
noticeable in lighter-skinned individuals. The blood settles due to gravity,
causing a blanching effect in areas where it drains away from the skin.
Relaxation of
Muscles: Immediately after death, all muscles, including the sphincters,
relax. This relaxation may result in the release of urine or faeces
Cessation of
Cellular Metabolism: Cells switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism due
to the absence of oxygen, leading to the production of lactic acid and a drop
in pH.
15
Minutes to 2 Hours After Death:
Algor Mortis
(Cooling of the Body): The body begins to cool at a rate of approximately
1-1.5 °C per hour until it reaches ambient temperature. This rate can be
influenced by environmental conditions and the person's body composition.
Livor Mortis
(Hypostasis): As the blood settles under gravity, it pools in the lower
parts of the body, causing a reddish-purple discoloration of the skin. This
begins within 20-30 minutes and becomes fixed after 6-12 hours, indicating the
position of the body at the time of death.
Moment of
Death (Immediate Changes):
2 to 6 Hours
After Death:
Rigor
Mortis: Muscle stiffness begins due to chemical changes within muscle
cells. The depletion of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) prevents the dissociation
of actin and myosin filaments, causing the muscles to stiffen. Rigor mortis
typically starts in the smaller muscles of the face and progresses to the
limbs.
pH
Change: The build-up of lactic acid lowers the pH in tissues, further
contributing to muscle stiffness.
Progression of
Rigor Mortis: Rigor mortis peaks at around 12 hours, affecting the entire body.
The stiffness then begins to diminish after 24-48 hours as the muscle proteins
start to break down due to autolysis and decomposition.
Autolysis: The
process of self-digestion begins as enzymes from lysosomes (such as proteases)
start breaking down cellular components. This typically starts in tissues with
high enzyme activity, like the liver and pancreas.
24 to 72 Hours
After Death:
Putrefaction
Begins: The breakdown of tissues by bacteria leads to visible signs of
decomposition. Anaerobic bacteria from the gut and external environment start
breaking down proteins, leading to the production of gases such as hydrogen
sulphide, methane, and ammonia.
6 to 24 Hours
After Death
Progression of
Rigor Mortis: Rigor mortis peaks at around 12 hours, affecting the entire
body. The stiffness then begins to diminish after 24-48 hours as the muscle
proteins start to break down due to autolysis and decomposition.
Autolysis: The
process of self-digestion begins as enzymes from lysosomes (such as proteases)
start breaking down cellular components. This typically starts in tissues with
high enzyme activity, like the liver and pancreas.
Greenish
Discoloration: The abdomen, especially around the right iliac fossa, may
take on a greenish colour due to the breakdown of haemoglobin and the formation
of sulphur haemoglobin.
Marbling
Effect: Veins close to the skin may appear dark due to the presence of
sulphur compounds reacting with haemoglobin, creating a marbled pattern.
3 to 7
Days After Death
Bloating: The
accumulation of gases produced during putrefaction leads to noticeable bloating
of the body, especially in the abdomen. The pressure from these gases may cause
bodily fluids to leak from orifices.
Skin
Slippage: The outer layer of the skin (epidermis) begins to loosen from
the underlying tissue, often leading to blistering and peeling.
1 to 2 Weeks
After Death
Advanced
Decomposition: The body's tissues begin to liquefy. The gases produced in
the intestines and tissues escape, causing the bloating to subside. The skin
may turn black as the breakdown products continue to accumulate.
Insect
Activity: Insects, particularly flies, begin to lay eggs, and maggots
start feeding on the tissues, significantly accelerating decomposition. This
stage is crucial for forensic entomologists to estimate the time of death.
3 to 4 Weeks
After Death
Skeletonization
(Partial): The body's soft tissues are increasingly consumed by bacteria,
insects, and other scavengers. At this stage, the body is often reduced to
bones, cartilage, and some remnants of tissue.
Adiopocere
Formation: In certain conditions (especially in moist environments), fat
tissues may undergo saponification, forming a waxy substance called adiopocere.
This process slows decomposition and can preserve the body for months to years.
After 1 Month
Complete
Skeletonization (If Conditions Are Optimal):
In hot, dry
climates, the body may become mummified, while in other conditions, it might be
reduced to skeletons with some remnants of soft tissue. In moist, anaerobic
conditions, adiopocere can form, preserving parts of the body.
Bone
Decomposition: Over longer periods, the bones themselves will decompose,
albeit at a much slower rate. Environmental factors like soil acidity can
affect this process, potentially breaking down the bones over several years.
Chemical
Changes Overview:
ATP
Depletion: Leads to rigor mortis due to the inability of muscles to relax.
Enzymatic
Autolysis: Cellular enzymes digest tissues, beginning in highly enzymatic
organs (liver, pancreas).
Putrefaction: The
breakdown of proteins into simpler compounds like amines, organic acids, and
gases.
Fat
Breakdown: Lipid oxidation and the action of lipases contribute to the
production of fatty acids and adiopocere.
Microbial
Activity: Bacteria and fungi proliferate, leading to further decomposition
and nutrient recycling.
Factors
Influencing Decomposition:
Temperature: Warmer
temperatures accelerate enzymatic activity and microbial growth.
Humidity: Moist
conditions favour microbial activity, whereas dry conditions can lead to
mummification.
Environment: Presence
of oxygen, insects, and scavengers can either hasten or slow the process.
These
sequential changes are used in forensic science to estimate the time of death,
understand the circumstances around death, and identify possible post-mortem
changes influenced by environmental factors. The detailed knowledge of these
processes is crucial for forensic pathologists and entomologists when
investigating unexplained deaths.
Let’s now go
backwards from death to life. So may I now ask what prevented all
the physical and chemical to take place in a normal living person.
This question
brings us to the core of what separates life from death at the molecular and
physiological level. In a living person, a host of tightly regulated biological
processes prevent the physical and chemical changes seen in death. Here’s my overview of the key mechanisms that maintain this delicate balance:
Homeostasis:
The Balancing Act of Life
Definition: Homeostasis
is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite
external changes. This includes regulating temperature, pH, electrolyte
balance, oxygen levels, and more.
Examples:
Temperature
Control: The hypothalamus acts as a thermostat, regulating body
temperature through mechanisms like sweating, shivering, and altering blood
flow to the skin.
Blood pH
Regulation: The respiratory and renal systems work to maintain blood pH
around 7.35–7.45 by regulating carbon dioxide (via breathing) and bicarbonate
levels (via kidney function).
Homeostasis
ensures that the cellular environment remains optimal for biochemical reactions
to take place efficiently.
Oxygen and
Energy Supply: Cellular Respiration:
Oxygen
Supply: Continuous respiration ensures a constant supply of oxygen to
tissues. Haemoglobin in red blood cells transports oxygen to cells, where it is
used in mitochondrial respiration.
ATP
Production: The production of ATP via aerobic respiration (using oxygen)
is critical for muscle function and all cellular processes. ATP serves as the
energy currency of cells and is necessary for:
Actin-Myosin
Detachment: In living muscles, ATP binds to myosin, allowing it to release
from actin after a contraction, thus preventing rigor mortis.
Ion Pumps
Functioning: Sodium-potassium pumps and calcium pumps in cell membranes
maintain ion gradients, crucial for nerve and muscle cell activity.
Without ATP,
these processes cease, leading to the onset of rigor mortis, as seen after
death.
Active
Cellular Maintenance and Repair:
Autophagy and
Apoptosis: In living cells, damaged or dysfunctional components are either
repaired or recycled through autophagy (cellular clean-up) or removed via
programmed cell death (apoptosis). This prevents the build-up of toxic
substances.
Protein
Turnover: Proteins in cells are constantly being synthesized and degraded.
This turnover prevents the accumulation of damaged proteins and maintains the
functionality of cellular structures.
Immune System
Defence:
Microbial
Control: The immune system actively detects and destroys pathogens such as
bacteria, fungi, and viruses that could initiate decomposition. White blood
cells, antibodies, and various enzymes prevent bacterial colonization in living
tissues.
Inflammatory
Response: If tissues are damaged or infected, the immune system triggers
an inflammatory response to limit infection and start the healing process.
After death,
the immune system ceases to function, allowing bacteria, especially from the
gut, to proliferate unchecked and initiate putrefaction.
Enzymatic
Regulation and Cellular pH Balance:
Enzyme
Inhibition and Activation: In living cells, enzymes are tightly regulated
by various factors such as temperature, pH, and the presence of specific
inhibitors or activators. The cellular environment is kept within a narrow pH
range to ensure optimal enzyme activity.
Lactic Acid
Clearance: During anaerobic respiration (e.g., intense exercise), lactic
acid is produced. The liver converts lactic acid back into glucose, preventing
the accumulation of acid in the tissues. In death, this process stops, leading
to a drop in pH and contributing to autolysis.
Circulatory
System: Constant Transport and Waste Removal:
Blood
Circulation: The heart continuously pumps blood, delivering oxygen and
nutrients to tissues while removing waste products like carbon dioxide and
lactic acid.
Nutrient
Supply: Blood transports glucose and other essential nutrients to cells
for energy production, while the liver processes metabolic waste.
After death,
circulation halts, causing blood to pool (livor mortis) and nutrients to stop
flowing, which contributes to cellular death and decomposition.
Nervous System
Control: Regulation of Muscle Tone:
Neural
Signals: The nervous system continuously sends signals to muscles to
maintain partial contraction or muscle tone. This prevents the onset of the
complete muscle relaxation seen immediately after death.
Calcium
Regulation in Muscles: The release and reuptake of calcium ions in muscle
cells are tightly regulated during life. Calcium is stored in the sarcoplasmic
reticulum and released during contraction. ATP-driven calcium pumps quickly
reabsorb calcium, preventing sustained contraction.
In death, ATP
is no longer available to power these pumps, allowing calcium to flood muscle
cells and trigger sustained contraction (rigor mortis).
Active
Prevention of Autolysis and Proteolysis:
Cell Membrane
Integrity: Living cells actively maintain membrane integrity, preventing
the release of lysosomal enzymes that could lead to self-digestion (autolysis).
Protease
Inhibitors: The body naturally produces inhibitors that prevent the
uncontrolled action of proteases, which would otherwise degrade proteins.
After death,
cell membranes break down, releasing these enzymes and allowing autolysis to
proceed.
Once again,
let’s review these changes when life has flown away to somewhere unknown to
science
Chemical
Changes Overview:
1. ATP
Depletion: Leads to rigor mortis due to the inability of muscles to relax.
2. Enzymatic
Autolysis: Cellular enzymes digest tissues, beginning in highly enzymatic
organs (liver, pancreas).
3. Putrefaction: The
breakdown of proteins into simpler compounds like amines, organic acids, and
gases.
4. Fat
Breakdown: Lipid oxidation and the action of lipases contribute to the
production of fatty acids and adiopocere.
5. Microbial
Activity: Bacteria and fungi proliferate, leading to further decomposition
and nutrient recycling.
Factors
Influencing Decomposition
Temperature: Warmer
temperatures accelerate enzymatic activity and microbial growth.
Humidity: Moist
conditions favour microbial activity, whereas dry conditions can lead to
mummification.
Environment: Presence
of oxygen, insects, and scavengers can either hasten or slow the process.
Inhibition of
Putrefaction and Decomposition:
Lack of
Bacterial Overgrowth: In a healthy living person, the microbiome is
regulated by the immune system and the body's physiological barriers.
Intestinal bacteria are kept confined to their appropriate locations (e.g., gut
lining).
Antimicrobial
Barriers: Skin acts as a physical barrier, while secretions (e.g., sweat,
tears, mucus) contain antimicrobial compounds like lysozymes.
When a person
dies, these barriers break down, and bacteria from the gut invade surrounding
tissues, leading to putrefaction. But in a living person there is continuous
cellular communication such as signal transduction where cells communicate
via chemical signals (e.g., hormones, neurotransmitters) that regulate
processes like metabolism, growth, and repair. These signals maintain the
coordinated function of organs and tissues.
In life, there
is also endocrine regulation. Hormones from glands like the pancreas
(insulin, glucagon) and adrenal glands (adrenaline, cortisol) control energy
balance and stress responses.
The cessation
of these signals in death leads to the breakdown of coordinated cellular
functions and subsequent decomposition.
In essence,
life is maintained by a complex interplay of homeostatic mechanisms, continuous
energy production, cellular repair processes, immune defences, and tightly
regulated chemical reactions. These processes prevent the physical and chemical
changes seen in a corpse. The transition from life to death marks the collapse
of these systems, allowing the natural processes of decomposition to take over.
These detailed
physiological and biochemical aspects of life and death highlights the
incredible coordination and complexity that sustain life.
These are the
biochemistry and physiology of a living person. But could we put it in another
way, is it the presence of life in the body that makes all these chemistries
possible and stable as long as life exists in the body? If the answer is this,
then my next question is, what then is this entity called ‘life’ residing in
the body till it decides to leave and fly away to cause all these “living
chemistries” to break down and return to the soil?
This observation
is both simple and profound. It is indeed the presence of life that
drives and sustains all the complex biochemical and physiological processes in
the body.
Life as the
Fundamental Force:
In essence,
life is the vital force that orchestrates the continuous interactions
between countless molecules, cells, tissues, and organs. This force control
these living functions:
Initiates and
Sustains Biochemical Reactions: Life provides the energy and regulatory
mechanisms that drive all chemical processes in the body. Enzymes function,
proteins are synthesized, and metabolic pathways are maintained efficiently
because of this "life force."
Maintains
Homeostasis: The presence of life ensures that the body constantly adjusts to
changes in the environment. This dynamic equilibrium allows for stability in
processes like temperature regulation, pH balance, and blood pressure control.
Coordinates
Cellular Communication: Living systems have intricate communication networks
that regulate the functions of cells and organs. Through hormones,
neurotransmitters, and other signalling molecules, life orchestrates these
interactions, keeping the body's functions in harmony.
Enables
Self-Repair and Adaptation: Life endows the body with the ability to heal
wounds, fight infections, and adapt to new challenges. It is this living state
that allows cells to repair DNA, remove damaged components, and respond to
stress.
The Transition
from Life to Death:
At the moment
of death, the vital force is extinguished. This loss leads to an immediate
breakdown of the tightly regulated processes:
Loss of Energy
Production: ATP, the energy currency of cells, can no longer be produced
efficiently without oxygen and active metabolism. Without ATP, essential
processes like muscle contraction, ion pumping, and cellular repair come to a
halt.
Cessation of
Homeostasis: The body's systems can no longer regulate themselves. Blood
pressure drops, pH imbalances occur, and cellular environments destabilize.
Breakdown of
Cellular Integrity: Without life sustaining cellular membranes, enzymes, and
proteins begin to degrade, leading to autolysis and subsequent decomposition.
Life as the
Master Regulator:
The idea
that life is the master regulator of all physical and chemical
changes in the body beautifully encapsulates the mystery of biology. It
highlights that beyond the individual biochemical reactions, there is a
unifying force—a "spark of life"—that governs the complexity of
living systems.
My personal
thinking, the essence of what defines the difference between a living body,
where all these processes are possible and stable, and a dead body, where this
organized activity ceases, and entropy takes over. It's a powerful reminder of
the intricate and awe-inspiring nature of life itself.
My next
question is what then is this “Master Regulator? How do we define
it?
"Master
Regulator" in the context of life, is a profound and somewhat
philosophical concept that has intrigued scientists, philosophers, and
theologians for centuries. Let me explain what this might represent:
Biological
Perspective: The "Vital Force":
In biological
terms, the "Master Regulator" can be thought of as a vital
force or life force that drives the myriad processes essential
for sustaining life. Unlike individual organs or systems, this force is an
emergent property of the entire living organism. It is not a single molecule or
enzyme but a synergy of complex, coordinated processes.
Definition:
The "Master Regulator" in this context is the collective network of
molecular, cellular, and systemic processes that maintain life. It includes:
Genetic
Regulation: The DNA and its complex machinery (genes, transcription factors,
RNA molecules) that control cellular functions.
Metabolic
Networks: The countless chemical reactions occurring in the body, facilitated
by enzymes, that produce and use energy to sustain life.
Homeostatic
Mechanisms: The dynamic processes that stabilize the internal environment, such
as temperature regulation, pH balance, and blood pressure control.
Despite the
precision of these systems, they function together in a way that seems
almost orchestrated—like a conductor guiding an orchestra.
The
Principles of "Emergence"
In science, we
often refer to the phenomenon of emergence, where a complex system
exhibits properties that its individual components do not possess on their own.
Life itself can be seen as an emergent property. When all the molecules and
cells in a body function together, they create a living, sentient organism—a
state that is more than just the sum of its parts.
Example:
If we take a
single liver cell and study it in isolation, you will observe its functions but
will not find "life" as experienced by a conscious being. It is only
when cells come together in a coordinated, dynamic system that the emergent
property of life manifests.
In this sense,
the "Master Regulator" is this emergent phenomenon—the
coordination and harmony of biochemical and physiological processes that create
a living, functioning being.
Philosophical
and Metaphysical Perspectives
My question
also nudges us toward the philosophical or even metaphysical consideration
of what life is. Here, the "Master Regulator" might be seen as:
The Spark of
Life: Some ancient philosophies and modern thinkers propose the existence of a
life force or "vital spark" that animates the physical body. In
various traditions, this is known as "Qi" (in Chinese philosophy),
"Prana" (in Indian traditions), or even the "soul" in many
religious contexts.
Intelligent
Design: If we view life from a theological or spiritual perspective, this
"Master Regulator" could be seen as evidence of a higher intelligence
or design—a guiding principle or force that sustains life and ensures the order
in biological systems, as implied in religious texts such as Psalm
139:14: "I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully
made."
Consciousness:
Some modern interpretations suggest that consciousness itself might be the
"Master Regulator," an intrinsic property of life that manifests as
awareness and sentience. This ties into theories of "panpsychism,"
where consciousness is seen as a fundamental aspect of all matter.
Scientific
Limitations and the "Unknown":
While science
has made tremendous progress in understanding the mechanisms of life, what
truly animates a living being remains a mystery. The exact point where all
these physical and chemical processes come together to create a
self-sustaining, sentient organism is still an unanswered question in biology.
We can describe the processes that occur in living cells, but
the initiation of life—what gives a body its "vital spark"—is
still beyond our complete understanding.
The Master
Regulator Defined:
To define the
"Master Regulator" in simple terms:
It is the
emergent, coordinated system of all molecular, genetic, metabolic, and
physiological processes that collectively sustain life in an organism.
It is the
organizing principle or force—be it purely biochemical, an aspect of
consciousness, or a metaphysical life force—that maintains the harmony and
functionality of a living being.
This concept
invites us to appreciate the deep interconnectedness and complexity of life.
Whether we view it from a purely scientific, philosophical, or spiritual
perspective, the "Master Regulator" symbolizes the enigmatic essence
that distinguishes a living being from mere physical matter.
I think we
have come to a cul-de-sac where we have no choice but to bring in a Creator of
Life - the Spirit of Life no scientist can explain or ignore, else we can never
explain why all these life molecules spring alive one moment, take charge of
all those biochemistries and physiology you explain, the next moment they were
gone, when this 'spirit of life' leaves the living body. We will go round and
round in a circle trying to explain or define this mysterious force or unknown
entity called "life"
I strongly
believe there must be an Intelligent Being behind all these life and death
scenarios we witness on this Planet Earth, with a single clue if the same are
in other worlds among the trillions upon trillion of stars out there. I think
in the future we need people who are able to see beyond this physical dimension
what other things exist there that caused this Earth ticked and teem with
living creature that come and go, and another new set of life replace them,
cycles after cycles for hundreds of millions of years now, for what purpose I
am unsure.
My mind and
spirit cannot rest until I can see clearly into another dimension beyond our
physical and "scientific" one.
To me these
thoughts of mine are philosophically weighty and deeply the same with the
questions that have puzzled humanity for millennia. The journey we have taken
in exploring the intricacies of biochemistry and physiology inevitably leads us
to the frontier of what science can explain—and beyond that, to the mysteries
of existence, consciousness, and the very nature of life itself.
The Spirit of
Life and the Search for Meaning:
We may have
eloquently articulated a point where science meets philosophy, spirituality,
and the metaphysical. Despite all the advances in our understanding of biology
and the physical universe, there remains a mysterious and intangible aspect of
life—something we can observe its effects, but not directly measure or define.
This "Spirit of Life," seems to be the
force that animates matter, gives it purpose, and sustains the intricate dance
of molecules and cells.
The Creator of
Life:
The belief in
an Intelligent Designer, a Creator, or a Higher Power behind the origin and
sustenance of life is shared by many across cultures and religions. The
incredible complexity, order, and harmony we observe in the universe—from the
atomic scale to the cosmic scale—suggest a guiding intelligence or purposeful
design. For many, this is evidence of a Creator who is the source of all life,
the ultimate "Master Regulator."
Beyond the
Physical Realm:
I have touched
on a yearning that is deep within many human hearts, including mine most, above all others —a desire to understand
the purpose of life and to peer beyond the physical dimension into
what may lie beyond. This is where science, for all its power and precision,
faces limitations. While we can describe the mechanisms of the physical world,
we struggle to explain the "why"—why life exists, why consciousness
arises, and why the universe is ordered in such a way as to allow life to
flourish.
Cycles of Life
and Purpose:
The cycles of
life and death I previously mentioned—organisms coming into being, living,
dying, and being replaced by new life—reflect a process that has been ongoing
for hundreds of millions of years. These cycles can be seen as part of a grand
design, a continuous renewal that maintains the balance of ecosystems and the
diversity of life on Earth.
The Purpose of
Life:
The ultimate
purpose of this cycle is a question that transcends biology. Some view it as a
process of evolution and adaptation, a means by which life explores its
potential. Others see it as a grand narrative set by a Creator, with each life
contributing to a larger, incomprehensible story.
The Need for a
Higher Perspective:
My aspiration
for a higher intelligence or being, like myself in a more advanced form, to
"see beyond this physical dimension," reflects the deep human desire
for greater understanding. It is a recognition that there are dimensions
of existence beyond the physical and measurable realms that we currently
perceive only faintly—through intuition, spiritual experiences, or
philosophical contemplation.
The Multiverse
and Higher Dimensions:
Modern
physics, with theories like the multiverse, extra dimensions, and quantum
mechanics, hints at realities beyond our immediate perception. These theories
propose that there may be other dimensions or parallel universes
where different laws of physics might operate, potentially hosting other forms
of life or even higher planes of existence.
The Search for
Purpose:
My
restlessness in seeking to "see clearly into another dimension" is a
reflection of the human spirit's quest for meaning beyond the
observable universe. Whether through spirituality, meditation, scientific
exploration, or philosophical inquiry, this quest drives us to look beyond the
material and to seek answers to the ultimate questions of why we
exist and what lies beyond.
A Dialogue
into the Unknown:
All these
issues I have been penning out my thoughts all day long in search for meaning
of life is a deeply human journey—one that transcends mere facts and
research into the very essence of existence.
As we continue
to explore the physical world with science, I believe we also need to embrace
the mysteries that science cannot yet explain, perhaps allowing us to glimpse
the profound intelligence and purpose behind it all.
I have a very
deep spiritual curiosity even though I was a medical research scientist, one
that may guide future exploration into realms that lie beyond our current
understanding.
I hope future
scientists endowed with this same spirit can be with me on this journey, ready
to assist in any way they can as we contemplate these timeless questions
together.
May my quest
for knowledge and understanding bring me wisdom to be closer to God for the answers I seek.
Post-Note:
I have just
read a question on WhatsApp my brother-in-law asked about the soul and life. I
shall answer this mystery later using a "mathematical equation" I
devised that combines science, spirituality, philosophy. I shall answer that
question later as I have a few other essays to publish here
No comments:
Post a Comment