Monday, February 26, 2024

 


I spoke with Artificial Intelligence (AI) again using ChatGPT to test its knowledge in astronomy. Here’s my question in blue:

Here on Earth the constellations visible in the night skies in July are Apus, Ara, Circinus, Corona, Borealis, Draco, Hercules, Norma, Ophiuchus, Scorpius, Serpens and Triangulum Australe. Draco, Hercules, Corona Borealis and Serpens as the northern constellations, while Ophiuchus, Scorpius, Norma, Ara, Circinus, Triangulum Australe and Apus can be seen in the southern skies.

What constellations would be visible in the lunar skies on 6 July 1969 when the American astronauts landed on the Moon given the fact the Moon is constantly revolving round and round the Earth, and this would cause it to face different constellations in the lunar skies. What then would be the constellations visible during the exact hours the astronauts landed on the Moon?

Bear in mind the Moon’s position then was not exactly the same as the position of Earth facing the same constellations we see here on Earth in July.

 Give me the constellations that would have been seen in the lunar skies when Apollo landed on the Moon?

Here is AI reply to me in pink:

The constellations visible from the Moon would depend on the position of the Moon in its orbit and the time of day during the Apollo 11 mission in July 1969. Unfortunately, I don't have real-time data or the exact orbital parameters for that specific moment in July 1969. However, I can provide some general information.

The Moon's position in its orbit changes, and during the Apollo 11 mission, it would have been above different parts of the lunar surface at different times. The Earth's constellations would not be directly visible from the Moon since the Moon has no atmosphere to scatter sunlight and create a sky filled with stars like we see on Earth.

That being said, astronauts onboard the lunar module would have seen a black sky with stars, but the specific constellations visible would depend on the Moon's position and the time of day. They wouldn't see the same constellations as someone on Earth in July because the Moon would be in a different location in its orbit.

If you have a specific date and time during the Apollo 11 mission, you can use astronomical software or online tools to simulate the view of the lunar sky at that exact moment.

AI was just repeating about the positions of the constellations I explained to it. It was not telling me anything new. In fact, I told it more than it could tell me on the visibility of the various constellations in July.

I think our human intelligence vs artificial intelligence is that AI does not know everything. In fact, it sometimes gave the wrong answer.  For example, I once tested AI knowledge on something I know extremely well because it involved my own  youngest brother who is the first and only Malaysian heart surgeon working in Singapore who, together with a  team of Singapore heart surgeons  conducted Singapore's first heart transplant  at the Singapore General Hospital on 6 July, 1990. I tested AI if it knows this historic events in medicine. 

"On 6 July 1990, a team of doctors at the Singapore General Hospital (SGH), led by Dr Tong Ming Chuan, performed the first heart transplant in Singapore. The donor heart was from Ong Soon, a 41-year-old construction worker, who died in an industrial accident".

https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=c8ef2c7c-9aa7-4e93-aa61-ab38b2d36b06#:~:text=On%206%20July%201990%2C%20a,first%20heart%20transplant%20in%20Singapore.&text=The%20donor%20heart%20was%20from,died%20in%20an%20industrial%20accident.

Instead, AI gave me the wrong answer saying it was conducted by another doctor at the National University Hospital on another later date. 

In fact my brother rang me up here in Kuala Lumpur from Singapore at past 2:30 am in the morning telling me, he together with his Singapore counterparts had just performed a heart transplant 

 I then told AI it was wrong and gave it the correct answer. It immediately apologized to me telling me this:

“My training data includes information up until January 2022. I don't have access to real-time data, so I may not be aware of events or developments that have occurred since then”.

But the information we know happened on 6 July 1990, and not after January 2022.

AI admits it does not have access to the Internet or to Google or to Wikipedia that stores much more detailed and accurate information with references of published papers cited. 

 I then asked if he could remember the correct answer I gave?  A few days later I asked the same question again, and again it gave me the same wrong answer showing it does not remember facts even after being taught, corrected and trained by other humans like me.  

I think it relies solely on information given to it by its trainers  who may make mistakes, and taught it how to answer. It cannot remember any correction given to it by outsiders. In some way it is biased and may not be reliable. 

On the question and answer about visibility of constellations and stars AI answered:

“The Earth's constellations would not be directly visible from the Moon since the Moon has no atmosphere to scatter sunlight to create a sky filled with stars like we see on Earth” (meaning no stars could be seen on the Moon)

 Then in the next sentence it contradicted itself by saying this:

“That being said, astronauts onboard the lunar module would have seen a black sky filled with stars”?

 But it did not give the reasons for this. I believe it meant inside a lunar module it would be all dark and there was no glare. But would we expect the astronauts to live in darkness without any lighting at all inside a cabin?

Even with glare outside the cabin they still could see a very dark sky with stars in them. It was a matter of gazing upwards towards the lunar skies or taking photos of them with a camera pointing upwards to avoid glare. But this was never done or shown.

 I am convinced the lunar skies without clouds and any atmosphere to cut off star light, an astronaut with a good naked eyesight would be able to see far more fainter stars than he could on Earth. 

The lunar skies would be glittering with stars and constellations. Here on Earth, we have clouds and an atmosphere to absorb faint lights from faint stars. 

My estimate based on what I know in theory and on observation in astronomy, the faintest star an astronaut with perfect naked eyesight would be able to see on the Moon based on my calculations, would be stars as faint as up to a magnitude of about +8

The formula for absolute magnitude is: 

M = m - 5(log10(d/10))

where M is the absolute magnitude, m is the apparent magnitude, and d is the distance between the Earth and the object in parsecs.

Absolute magnitude means, a measure of how bright a star would be if it were seen from a standard distance, and apparent magnitude, means the brightness of a star as seen from Earth.

For example, Sirius (the brightest star in our sky) has an apparent magnitude of -1.46, while Antares (an intermediate giant star with a huge luminosity, but much farther away from Earth) has an apparent magnitude of 1.09. However, their absolute magnitudes are 1.42 and -5.28, respectively, reflecting the much higher luminosity of Antares.

The faintest stars seen here on Earth with a pair of good naked eyes on the darkest night is about + 6.5. Earth has an atmosphere that filters off faint light. 

The naked-eye limit (known as the limiting magnitude) is about magnitude 6.5, though this varies with the quality of your sky and our vision. In average country skies it is about 5.7, and in suburbs we will be hard pressed to see anything fainter than about magnitude 4.5.  With binoculars we can see stars about three or four magnitudes fainter, and with a medium-sized telescope we might get down to about magnitude 14 on a good night in the country. In simple language, the higher the magnitute of a star, the fainter it is. 

On cloudy days especially in tropical countries like in Malaysia, sometimes we don’t even get to see the Sun in the daytime, or even a full Moon at night, let alone the brightest stars or Venus, the brightest planets. Venus being the morning and evening “star” is consistently there before sunrise in the morning and evening skies after sunset but often we cannot see it due to cloud cover. It is also not high enough in the evenings unlike the outer planets like Saturn and Jupiter. 

Unfortunately, photos of Apollo landing on the Moon on Jul 16, 1969, did not show a single star. Some of the reasons they gave was that their cameras were not sensitive enough. Another reason they gave was the overpowering glare of sunlight on the Moon, and they needed to capture the Moon landing quickly, so the stars could not be captured by the camera? In that case, why didn't the astronauts just point their cameras directly on the lunar skies to avoid glare of the lunar surface so that untold myriads of stars could be seen and photographed.  

Furthermore, the relative positions of the various stars in a constellation would have shifted due to parallex seen from seperate distances between the Earth and the Moon. By studying their shift due to parallex astronomers can easily calculate out their expected positions slightly different from seen from Earth since we know the distance between the Earth and Moon. That would have confirmed the photographs were taken from the Moon and not from Earth or a studio on Earth. Why did they not do that? I think they were trying to avoid the highly analytical eyes and minds of astronomers and physical scientists and mathematicians 

 But from the various angles of the shadows, I can easily tell they gave excuses. The Sun was behind the astronauts who cast shadows in front of them and not behind.

Furthermore, if they have pointed their cameras directly on the lunar skies there should not be any glare from the lunar surface against the pitched-dark lunar skies with myriads of stars showing up in the background. But there was none. Something is not right here. Since the Americans already spent so much money on the mission landing on the Moon, why take a few photos on the landing only, and not take as much photos as possible of the Moon surface and surroundings  to show to the world, as well as the photos of the lunar skies with all her constellations and stars on it that would be of tremendous interest to astronomers and scientists like me? But they avoided taking too many photos, lest their faked landing tell-tale signs showed up. I am aware they use AI to give various excuses. 

I suppose AI has been programmed in this case to defend the United States against conspiracy that the moon landing was faked. But AI insisted it was not faked by giving reasons which we with a human intelligence and knowledge could challenge. I don't know about the rest? 


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