Sunday, August 6, 2023

Long Covid? Is it an After Effect of Covid-19 Infection or An Existing Morbidity?

 

 

I received this question from a lady friend in England a few days ago. It reads:

Uncle Lim… whats ur opinion about Long Covid symptoms

What are the complications and symptoms?

Any cure?

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Thank you for your question, Shan. I wish I know the answer.

It is not quite clear to me why only a small percentage of people who were infected with Covid 19 experienced the aftereffects of the infection? There are also cases of small population of people who never got infected with Covid confirmed through PCR or other blood and saliva tests, and yet came down with Long Covid-like signs and symptoms of the disease, confirmed through lab investigations?

Others who have been infected with the virus but were asymptomatic. Then later experienced long Covid?  We scientists and clinicians ourselves we cannot explain this phenomenon. This is not characteristics of any disease that we know of, except perhaps from varicella-zoster virus in chickenpox into herpes shingles that was presented differently years and years later.  

Sometimes we call this as Long Covid as Post-COVID Conditions (PCC), long haul Covid, post Covid syndrome that only emerged months after the Covid infection. Actually, Long COVID can include a wide range of ongoing health problems, not necessarily it must be the same as the signs and symptoms of Covid infection.

 

This gives me the impression that they may already have other comorbidities that did not show up previously till Covid-19 greatly weakened their immunity. As a result, their previous asymptomatic Covid and other unrelated conditions such as a common cold, an underlying chronic infection that did not show up earlier, now showed up after been accentuated by this coronavirus.

In other words, the so called long Covid has nothing directly to do with their already existing pathology. This may explain why there were many people who never got Covid previously symptom wise or found to be negative through throat swap or Covid virus load test in their saliva, but strangely later seems to be infected with "Long Covid symptoms".

In other words, they actually already have an existing underlying morbidity that has nothing to do with the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) virus, but their underlying hidden morbidities have now presented differently. This is the only explanation I can at the moment offer as to why the signs and symptoms of the so-called “Long Covid” were different from individual to individual?

In medicine our diagnosis is guided by the signs and symptoms a patient was presented. In textbook knowledge each disease has characteristics signs and symptoms, although in practice this is not necessary so. A disease can be presented in many ways outside textbook description, especially if only one or two signs or symptoms appears making diagnosis uncertain clinically without lab support to confirm unless they are a collection or group of signs and symptoms called ‘syndromes’ characteristics of a specific disorder. But unfortunately, this is not the case with ‘Long Covid’ that differs even with a collection of signs and symptoms from individual-to-individual This is what I gathered from reports I have read. This gives me a suspicion that this so-called ‘Long Covid’ may have nothing to do with the Covid-19 per sec.  

It may be a manifestation of some previous multiple underlying chronic condition now showing up in different ways because their immunity has been compromised by this SARS-CoV-2 virus. that is my strong suspicion. Furthermore, their varied conditions last for months and months in different ways. Why should a specific disorder present itself in different ways for months for different individuals? I have never come across such odd events in my entire 65 years of knowledge in medicine as well as in medical research.  It must be something else unrelated to Covid-19 infection?

This is my personal hypothesis. If I were to do my PhD in medicine once again, I would forward this hypothesis  to work on it. This study may be very difficult to conduct because I would need large populations with and without being infected with this coronavirus, plus screening both populations with hidden (asymptomatic) diseases then comparing matching populations with or without Long Covid cross-sectionally as well as using cohort groups followed up longitudinally.  This is going to be a very tough and challenging piece of research and very time consuming as a PhD degree is limited to just 3 – 5 years to work on.  
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Long COVID occurs more often in people who had severe COVID-19 illness, but anyone who has been infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 can experience it. It was also claimed that only those who are not vaccinated against COVID-19 and become infected may have a higher risk of developing Long COVID compared to people who have been vaccinated. Unfortunately, they have no evidence to back this claim, not that I know of.

It was also claimed that people can be reinfected with SARS-CoV-2 virus multiple times. Each time a person is infected or reinfected with SARS-CoV-2, they have a risk of developing Long COVID? Unfortunately, again such a claim has never been published in the literature, not that I know.

While most people with Long COVID have evidence of infection or COVID-19 illness, in some cases, a person with Long COVID may not have tested positive for the virus or known they were infected.
CDC and partners are working to understand more about who experiences Long COVID and why, including whether groups disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 are at higher risk. 

Whatever it is, or was claimed, scientists are still uncertain if Long Covid has anything to do with this pandemic outbreak?

As far as your question on any ‘cure’ for Long Covid, I have little knowledge. We do not even have a cure for Covid-19 till today, let alone “Long Covid” whatever that is.

Perhaps you may try using immune modulators, a class of drugs that help to activate, boost, or restore normal immune function. Normally we use immune modulators after an HIV infection that has compromised the immune system.

Scientists are not even sure whether immune modulators can help change the immune system for the better. Some examples of immune modulators or biological response modifiers are interferons, interleukins, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, imiquimod, cytokines and even the banned drug thalidomide that cause birth defects in the 1960’s

Other than these immunological modulators, I may suggest, are moderately high doses of vitamin C, retinol (vitamin A) and vitamin D together with echinacea, moringa, neem, turmeric, ashwagandha.

These are only suggestions, but they need large scale RCT (Randomized Clinical Trials).

Lim ju boo  

 


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