This article is dedicated
to all who believes that petrol products can cure all their ailments, pain and sufferings.
There are only three entities that make up this Earth. They
are:
1. Atmosphere
2. Water
3. Soil
The Atmosphere is made up of five (5) layers:
1. Troposphere: This layer
extends from the Earth's surface up to an average altitude of about 8 to 15
kilometres (5 to 9 miles) depending on your location (thinner at the poles and
thicker at the equator). This is where weather occurs, and it contains approximately
75% of the atmosphere's mass.
2. Stratosphere: Above the
troposphere, the stratosphere extends up to about 50 kilometres (31 miles). The
ozone layer is located in the lower portion of the stratosphere.
3. Mesosphere: Above the
stratosphere, the mesosphere extends up to about 85 kilometres (53 miles). This
is the layer where meteors burn up upon entering the Earth's atmosphere.
4. Thermosphere: This layer
extends from the mesosphere to the exosphere, reaching up to about 600
kilometres (373 miles). Temperatures in the thermosphere can be extremely high,
but the density of molecules is very low.
5. Exosphere: The exosphere is
the outermost layer and gradually transitions into outer space. There is no
clear boundary that separates the exosphere from outer space.
These layers are not well-defined. The exosphere
gradually fades into the vacuum of outer space without a distinct boundary. The
commonly recognized "edge of space" is often considered to be the
Kármán line, which is located at an altitude of 100 kilometres (62 miles) above
sea level. Beyond this point, the atmosphere is so thin that it is effectively
in the vacuum of space.
At an altitude of 50 kilometres (about 31 miles) above
sea level, the density of air is significantly lower compared to the density at
the Earth's surface. In the region of the mesosphere, which extends up to about
85 kilometres (53 miles), the air density continues to decrease with altitude.
The density of air at 50 kilometres is typically on the
order of a few million molecules per cubic centimetre.
The density of air at sea level depends on various factors
such as temperature, pressure, and humidity. However, under standard
atmospheric conditions at sea level (at 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees
Fahrenheit and a pressure of 101325 pascals), the approximate density of dry
air is about 1.225 kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).
The Earth's atmosphere is composed of a mixture of gases,
each present in varying amounts. The composition of the atmosphere is generally
expressed as a percentage by volume. The most abundant gases in the Earth's
atmosphere are nitrogen and oxygen, with trace amounts of other gases. Here is
the approximate composition of the Earth's atmosphere:
Nitrogen is about 78.08% by volume, and oxygen approximately
20.95% by volume. Argon is about 0.93% by volume. Carbon dioxide is
present in trace amounts, around 0.04% by volume. Then neon, helium, methane,
krypton, hydrogen, xenon, and ozone.
These gases are present in very small amounts, collectively
making up less than 0.01% of the atmosphere. In addition to these main
components, the atmosphere also contains varying amounts of water vapor, which
can range from nearly 0% to about 4% in humid conditions.
Next comes water. About 97.5% of Earth's water is found in
the oceans. The total volume of the world's oceans is estimated to be around
1.332 billion cubic kilometres (km³).
The polar ice caps and glaciers contain about 1.74% of the
world's water, equivalent to approximately 24.06 million cubic kilometres.
Groundwater, stored in underground aquifers and rock formations, accounts for
approximately 1.7% of Earth's water, totalling around 23.40 million cubic
kilometres.
Lakes and rivers hold a relatively small percentage of
Earth's water, about 0.013%, equivalent to around 0.186 million cubic
kilometres.
Water vapor in the atmosphere makes up a very small fraction
of Earth's total water, around 0.001% or approximately 0.013 million cubic
kilometres.
Earth is often referred to as the "Blue Planet"
due to the abundance of water on its surface. The total amount of water on
Earth is estimated to be about 1.386 billion cubic kilometres (km³) or 332.5
million cubic miles. This water is distributed across various reservoirs, with
most of it being in the form of saline water in the oceans.
Next comes the soil which is the remaining part of the
Earth.
The volume of Earth is 4/3 pi r 3 = 1.1x
10 ^ 21 cubic metres
Volume of air up to 50 km above sea level
= Total volume of Earth + atmosphere up to 50 km – volume of
Earth
= 4 / 3 pi. (6,371,000 + 50,000) m 3 -
4 / 3 pi. 6,371,000 m 3
= (1.1x 10 ^ 21 - 1.08 ^21) = 2 x 10^19
cubic metres of which 78 % or 1.56 x 10 ^19 cubic metres are
nitrogen, 4.2 x 10^18 cubic metres are oxygen and 8 x 10 ^ 15 cubic metres
are carbon dioxide.
(The radius of Earth is 6,371 km = 6371,000 m)
Neither such a vast amount of oxygen nor nitrogen in the air
can produce a single drug that is also made up of carbon often with sulphur and
other elements added. Nitrogen and oxygen can produce oxides of nitrogen such
as nitric oxides as formed during lightning strikes up in the atmosphere.
The total volume of water on Earth is estimated
at 1.386 billion km³ or 1.386 x 10 21 litres
with 97.5% being salt water and 2.5% being freshwater.
Water in the oceans is just two parts of hydrogen and one
part of oxygen and they remain as inorganic water and they cannot be converted
into organic compounds like drugs.
What remains are some chemicals in the soil in which
minerals and ores are derived. For instance, metals like aluminium, copper, and
iron are extracted from ores and used in various industrial applications.
Minerals like sulphur and phosphate are also important to produce certain
chemicals, such as sulfuric acid, fertilizers including some pharmaceuticals.
The other source of raw materials from which drugs can be
manufactured are from biological sources such as from living organisms, plant
extracts or are synthesized based on compounds found in living organisms. This
includes proteins, peptides, and other complex molecules produced using
biotechnological methods. For example, insulin can be produced using
genetically modified bacteria. Some drugs like aspirin (C9H8O4)
can be synthesized from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen or paracetamol (C8H9NO2)
with nitrogen added. Some drugs are derived directly from natural
sources, such as plants, fungi, or microorganisms. These are often isolated and
purified from the natural organisms. Examples include morphine from the opium
poppy and penicillin from the fungus Penicillium.
But most synthetic drugs are derived from
petrochemicals. Petroleum is primarily formed from the remains of marine
microorganisms, including algae and zooplankton, that lived in ancient seas and
oceans. Over millions of years, the remains of these organisms sank to the
ocean floor and were covered by sediments. Heat and pressure transformed the
organic material into a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons. The petroleum then
migrated through porous rocks until it was trapped by impermeable layers,
forming reservoirs.
But petroleum are hydrocarbons making up of crude oil
classified into three main categories:
1. Alkanes (Paraffins): Saturated
hydrocarbons with only single bonds between carbon atoms.
2. Alkenes (Olefins): Hydrocarbons
containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
3. Aromatics: Hydrocarbons with a ring-like
structure, such as benzene.
Crude oil is composed of hydrocarbons, which are mainly
hydrogen (about 13 percent by weight) and carbon (about 85 percent). Other
elements such as nitrogen (about 0.5 percent), sulphur (0.5 percent), oxygen (1
percent), and metals such as iron, nickel, and copper (less than 0.1 percent)
can also be mixed in with the hydrocarbons in small amounts. It often contains
sulphur compounds, and their presence can contribute to air pollution when the
oil is burned. Sulphur is typically removed during the refining process to
produce cleaner fuels.
The way molecules are organized in the hydrocarbon is a
result of the original composition of the algae, plants, or plankton from
millions of years ago. The amount of heat and pressure the plants were exposed
to also contributes to variations that are found in hydrocarbons and crude oil.
Nitrogen-containing compounds are also found in crude oil
and may contribute to nitrogen oxide emissions when the oil is burned. Oxygen
compounds, including various organic acids, alcohols, and ketones, are present
in small amounts in petroleum.
Crude oil may contain trace amounts of metals such as
nickel, vanadium, and iron. These metals can have implications for refining
processes and can lead to catalyst poison.
Unfortunately, Big Pharma and pharmaceutical companies make
use of crude oil to manufacture drugs which they name under the gloried name as
“medicines”.
They then sell them to doctors as “cures” for all kinds of
diseases from anaphylaxis, anaplasmosis, Alzheimer’s disease, amebiasis,
cancers, febrile seizure, Fechtner syndrome, malaria, measles, meningitis,
Paget's disease, pancreatitis, panic attack, pneumonia, Parkinson’s disease,
peptic ulcers all the way down to all the zoonotic diseases.
These include all the chronic and lifestyle diseases,
atherosclerosis, heart disease, and stroke, obesity to type 2 diabetes just to
name a few.
But these “medicines” made from petrochemicals have never
“cured” any of these chronic and lifestyle diseases except suppress and to
control them.
Indeed, hospitals and clinics are crowded with patients from
all these diseases who merely come for regular follow-up for more of these
chemical drugs with new ones added in due to other linked diseases emerging.
Furthermore, new patients with the same disorders keep coming in to add to the
crowd for the same medicines instead of doctors educating the patients about
diet, nutrition, and lifestyle changes.
First, this is because it is much easier to prescribe drugs
for patients to pop pills into the mouth 2 – 3 times a day, before or after
meals than to take an arduous up-hill effort to change their lifestyles and the
food they eat.
Secondly, it is much more profitable for the drug companies
working hand-in-gloves with medical doctors to dish out prescriptions and
“medicines” than to spend their time educating their patients on health care.
So, life goes on till the patients, their illnesses, the
chemical drugs they were given, their bodies and their souls all part ways into
the soil.
Of course, in medical emergencies, and in critical illness
pharmaceutical companies and doctors cannot gamble with patients’ lives. They
must come out with a list of emergency drugs that are quick acting to save
lives.
But hospitals are not crowded with emergency cases. They are
crowded mainly by patients with their chronic illnesses for follow-up and
review. See separate article here:
https://scientificlogic.blogspot.com/search?q=emergency+drugs
The use of plants as medicines, often referred to as herbal
or botanical medicine, has a long and rich history that predates recorded
civilization. It is believed that humans have been using plants for medicinal
purposes for tens of thousands of years.
The practice of herbal medicine is deeply rooted in various
ancient cultures around the world. Indigenous peoples, such as those in China,
India, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Native American tribes, have a long history of
using plants for medicinal purposes. These early healers learned through trial
and error, passing down their knowledge through generations.
In ancient China, for example, herbal medicine has been
documented in texts such as the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, which dates to around
300 BCE. In India, the traditional system of medicine known as Ayurveda has
employed plants for healing for over 3,000 years. Similarly, the ancient
Egyptians used plant-based remedies, as evidenced by records like the Ebers
Papyrus, which dates to around 1550 BCE.
In Europe, the Greeks and Romans also made extensive use of
herbal remedies. The Greek physician Hippocrates, often considered the
"Father of Medicine," emphasized the importance of using natural
substances, including plants, for healing. Similarly, the Roman physician Galen
contributed significantly to the knowledge of herbal medicine during the 2nd
century CE.
Throughout history, various cultures have developed their
own systems of traditional medicine based on the use of plants, and this
knowledge has been refined and expanded over time. Today, many traditional
herbal remedies are still in use, and modern medicine often incorporates
plant-derived compounds into pharmaceuticals. Additionally, traditional herbal
medicine continues to be practiced alongside conventional medicine in many
parts of the world.
But it was this rocky, rocky fellow called Rockefeller
befitting of his name who founded Big Pharma and his petroleum-derived drugs
and waged a war on natural medicines here:
The only very distant link between petroleum medicines and
natural botanical medicines is that tens of thousands of plant-based
phytochemicals as natural medicine was buried in the Earth that takes a very
long time, typically millions of years for them to turn into petroleum from
which synthetic drugs are made.
The process involves the burial and decomposition of organic
matter, primarily marine microorganisms, and algae, in anaerobic (low oxygen)
conditions. Here is a simplified timeline of the process:
- Accumulation
of Organic Material: Dead marine microorganisms and algae accumulate on
the ocean floor.
- Burial
and Sedimentation: Over time, sedimentation buries the organic material,
preventing its decomposition by aerobic bacteria.
- Pressure
and Heat: As more layers of sediment accumulate, the organic material is
subjected to increasing pressure and temperature. This process, known as
diagenesis, transforms the organic matter into kerogen, a precursor to
hydrocarbons.
- Catagenesis:
Over millions of years, the kerogen undergoes further transformation
through heat and pressure in a process called catagenesis. This leads to
the formation of liquid hydrocarbons, including crude oil and natural gas.
- Migration:
The hydrocarbons, now in liquid or gaseous form, may migrate through
porous rock formations until they are trapped by impermeable rocks,
forming reservoirs.
This decomposition process took place over very long
geological timescales, and the exact duration can vary depending on the
specific conditions of the sedimentary basin.
We are now extracting these decomposition products to
manufacture drugs and medicines to ‘cure’ our ailments.
Pharmacodynamics (Mode of Action):
How do these dead products work permanently is very
doubtful. For example, antidiabetic drugs like biguanides (e.g., metformin)
acts short term by decreasing hepatic glucose production, increases insulin
sensitivity in peripheral tissues, and reduces intestinal glucose absorption.
Its pharmacodynamics reduces fasting and postprandial glucose levels, but it
does not stimulate insulin release and is associated with a lower risk of
hypoglycaemia.
Let us take another example with valsartan, a very popular antihypertensive drug. Valsartan belongs to the angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) family of drugs, which also includes telmisartan,
Valsartan also affects the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), which plays an important role in haemostasis and regulation of kidney, vascular, and cardiac functions. Pharmacological blockade of RAAS via AT1 receptor blockade inhibits negative regulatory feedback within RAAS, which is a contributing factor to the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and renal disease. In particular, heart failure is associated with chronic activation of RAAS, leading to inappropriate fluid retention, vasoconstriction, and ultimately a further decline in left ventricular function. ARBs have been shown to have a protective effect on the heart by improving cardiac function, reducing afterload, increasing cardiac output and preventing ventricular hypertrophy and remodelling.
However, Valsartan was withdrawn from the US, China, India and many other countries due to safety reasons one of which is here:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Most drugs act in the same way temporarily, offering no permanent cure with just one application. They just alter the chemical pathology temporarily because the living body is a continuously flowing chemistry for the better or for the worse. Many of them have serious side effects or interactions with other drugs causing adverse drug reactions (ADR).
There is a book “Drugs Do Not Cure” by Yukie Niwa, M.D.,
D.M.S. PhD, who is the Head of Niwa Institute for Immunology, Director of
Tosashimizu Hospital and other 9 clinics in Japan who denounces the use of
drugs to cure diseases.
We can read his book for further reference to this short
article.
Dr Niwa profile is here:
https://miwakovonplanta.com/drniwa-en/
jb lim
No comments:
Post a Comment