Thank you to all for this video below on yellow bull frogs in India circulating
among various chat groups
This phenomenon is nothing new. This is just a biological
genotype evolution into different phenotype characteristics (from black or
green frogs probably, into yellow frogs) due to several factors such as the
environment the pond where the frogs first originated.
Such a biological phenomenon is very common throughout the biological
world that radiates life into their biodiversity.
Coloured Fishes:
For instance in the great lakes in Africa like Lake Malawi, Victoria
and Tanganyika and in many other tropical lakes elsewhere there are at least 1700 species of fish
called the cichlids that have evolved differently and has changed colours since
12,500 years ago during the last ice age after they were isolated from the
rivers by the formation of oxbow lakes.
In Lake Victoria for instance, there was an evolution of over 500 species of cichlids of
different colours that live together without interbreeding for a long time even though there were
no physical barriers to separate them. Sexual selection for breeding seems
based on colours of the males for the females to pick and choose their partners.
However as the waters become murkier due to pollution, the
cichlids are unable to distinguish male colour differentiation and began to
interbreed with other species giving rise to even more different species due to
hybridization.
This may have happened many times in the past in Lake
Victoria causing a rise of cichlids of even more varieties and mixed colours
which result in an evolutionary explosion or adaptive radiation of different species
of cichlids.
We know there is an explosion of cichlids of various
colours in the Great Lakes, and that are quite different in characteristics from those fish found in the rivers from which they have originated since the last
ice age.
They may have originated from non‐cichlids with different
colours found in nearby rivers where they were cut off over 12,500 years or
so ago.
As time went by they may have undergone a “genetic drifts” and found their separate colonies in the Great Lakes.
As time went by they may have undergone a “genetic drifts” and found their separate colonies in the Great Lakes.
Founder's Effect:
In Evolution this is called “founder’s effect” when a set of
population becomes deliberately or accidentally becomes isolated from the main population
and set up their own colonies elsewhere similar to the “bottleneck effect” when a population is suddenly reduced due to some catastrophe or natural calamity, and
the remaining population began to establish a “genetic drift” from the
original.
In South America too catfishes
and characoids were found to exhibit the most spectacular adaptive radiations,
evolving into a variety of them mainly under riverine conditions.
The degrees of evolution are shown by the presence of five
endemic Haplo‐chromis cichlids in L. Nabugabo, a small lake cut off from L.
Victoria 4000 years ago (Greenwood, 1965), and of eighteen cyprinids in the
10,000 year old L. Lanao in the Philippines (Myers, 1960).
Allopatric Speciation:
In Evolutionary Biology, we term this as “allopatric speciation.”
Allopatric speciation is speciation that happens when two
populations of the same species become secluded from each other due to
geographic alterations.
Speciation is a gradual process by which populations evolve into different species.
Speciation is a gradual process by which populations evolve into different species.
This may have happened to these frogs that may have been
isolated from another pond or environment, and began to breed independently into different
phenotype characteristics such acquiring a yellow colour like those cichlids
fishes in great lakes of Africa.
A geographic alteration splits members of a population into
more than one cluster. Such changes could include the formation of a new
mountain range or new waterway, or the development of new canyons, for example.
Similarly, human activities such as land development, construction,
agriculture, and pollution can have an effect on livable environments and cause
some members of a population to migrate and change their lifestyle and social
behavior.
Different gene mutations follow and accumulate in the separate
populations over time. The different variations of gene profile may lead to
different features between the two populations.
The populations become so different that members of the
different populations may no longer breed with each other anymore if they were to
be in the same habitat simultaneously.
When this happens allopatric speciation occurs.
I hope this explanation help to understand just a very tiny,
tiny bit of what evolutionary biology is all about, and about these yellow bull frogs found in India being circulated among friends
The Mutagenic Corona Virus:
This adaptive change may also apply to the corona virus that have caused world-wide
confusion among scientists about their origin
One most probably reason for this is because scientists and doctors have become so specialized these days in their own field that they may not realize the coronavirus virus may have originated from other viruses over many years through very gradual and subtle mutagenic changes in their RNA, rather than a sudden emergence of a new virus.
One most probably reason for this is because scientists and doctors have become so specialized these days in their own field that they may not realize the coronavirus virus may have originated from other viruses over many years through very gradual and subtle mutagenic changes in their RNA, rather than a sudden emergence of a new virus.
What we see about this Covid-19 coronavirus may have been
the same result we see among the cichlids, or the emergence of yellow frogs in
the video (site above) friends have been sending me repeatedly for an explanation.
If the coronavirus keeps mutating (“speciating”) into other
strains found differently in various parts of this world they will have
different effects on the body resulting in varying clinical presentations and
pathological outcome.
We can then expect different strains through mutation giving different
response to different drugs or their treatment, thus causing confusion and
disagreement among doctors all over the world.
I would coin this as an “allopratric strains phenomenon”
A million thanks to Charles Darwin who helped us explain and
understand Darwinian Medicine which doctors have never heard off.
Neither is Evolutionary Medicine being taught to doctors,
nor a single chapter on this found in the medical test-books causing them
world-wide confusion
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